En linuz, para obtener todas las locales, o localizaciones instaladas en el sistema, podemos hacerlo con el comando locale -a:
$ locale -a
C
C.UTF-8
en_AG
en_AG.utf8
en_AU.utf8
en_BW.utf8
en_CA.utf8
en_DK.utf8
en_GB.utf8
en_HK.utf8
en_IE.utf8
en_IN
en_IN.utf8
en_NG
en_NG.utf8
en_NZ.utf8
en_PH.utf8
en_SG.utf8
en_US.utf8
en_ZA.utf8
en_ZM
en_ZM.utf8
en_ZW.utf8
es_AR.utf8
es_BO.utf8
es_CL.utf8
es_CO.utf8
es_CR.utf8
es_DO.utf8
es_EC.utf8
es_ES
es_ES.iso88591
es_ES.utf8
es_GT.utf8
es_HN.utf8
es_MX.utf8
es_NI.utf8
es_PA.utf8
es_PE.utf8
es_PR.utf8
es_PY.utf8
es_SV.utf8
es_US.utf8
es_UY.utf8
es_VE.utf8
POSIX
zh_CN.utf8
zh_SG.utf8
Ahora bien, podemos usar este comando dentro de PHP para obtener la lista y añadir a la lista información como el idioma y el país usando una lista de países e idiomas.
Aquí tenemos una lista de códigos de países :
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 | <?php /** Referencia : 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1#Officially_assigned_code_elements */ $country_codes = array( 'AF' => "AFGHANISTAN" , 'AL' => "ALBANIA" , 'DZ' => "ALGERIA" , 'AS' => "AMERICAN SAMOA" , 'AD' => "ANDORRA" , 'AO' => "ANGOLA" , 'AI' => "ANGUILLA" , 'AQ' => "ANTARCTICA" , 'AG' => "ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA" , 'AR' => "ARGENTINA" , 'AM' => "ARMENIA" , 'AW' => "ARUBA" , 'AU' => "AUSTRALIA" , 'AT' => "AUSTRIA" , 'AZ' => "AZERBAIJAN" , 'BS' => "BAHAMAS" , 'BH' => "BAHRAIN" , 'BD' => "BANGLADESH" , 'BB' => "BARBADOS" , 'BY' => "BELARUS" , 'BE' => "BELGIUM" , 'BZ' => "BELIZE" , 'BJ' => "BENIN" , 'BM' => "BERMUDA" , 'BT' => "BHUTAN" , 'BO' => "BOLIVIA" , 'BA' => "BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA" , 'BW' => "BOTSWANA" , 'BV' => "BOUVET ISLAND" , 'BR' => "BRAZIL" , 'IO' => "BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY" , 'BN' => "BRUNEI DARUSSALAM" , 'BG' => "BULGARIA" , 'BF' => "BURKINA FASO" , 'BI' => "BURUNDI" , 'KH' => "CAMBODIA" , 'CM' => "CAMEROON" , 'CA' => "CANADA" , 'CV' => "CAPE VERDE" , 'KY' => "CAYMAN ISLANDS" , 'CF' => "CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC" , 'TD' => "CHAD" , 'CL' => "CHILE" , 'CN' => "CHINA" , 'CX' => "CHRISTMAS ISLAND" , 'CC' => "COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS" , 'CO' => "COLOMBIA" , 'KM' => "COMOROS" , 'CG' => "CONGO" , 'CD' => "CONGO, THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE" , 'CK' => "COOK ISLANDS" , 'CR' => "COSTA RICA" , 'CI' => "COTE D'IVOIRE" , 'HR' => "CROATIA" , 'CU' => "CUBA" , 'CY' => "CYPRUS" , 'CZ' => "CZECH REPUBLIC" , 'DK' => "DENMARK" , 'DJ' => "DJIBOUTI" , 'DM' => "DOMINICA" , 'DO' => "DOMINICAN REPUBLIC" , 'EC' => "ECUADOR" , 'EG' => "EGYPT" , 'SV' => "EL SALVADOR" , 'GQ' => "EQUATORIAL GUINEA" , 'ER' => "ERITREA" , 'EE' => "ESTONIA" , 'ET' => "ETHIOPIA" , 'FK' => "FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS)" , 'FO' => "FAROE ISLANDS" , 'FJ' => "FIJI" , 'FI' => "FINLAND" , 'FR' => "FRANCE" , 'GF' => "FRENCH GUIANA" , 'PF' => "FRENCH POLYNESIA" , 'TF' => "FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIES" , 'GA' => "GABON" , 'GM' => "GAMBIA" , 'GE' => "GEORGIA" , 'DE' => "GERMANY" , 'GH' => "GHANA" , 'GI' => "GIBRALTAR" , 'GR' => "GREECE" , 'GL' => "GREENLAND" , 'GD' => "GRENADA" , 'GP' => "GUADELOUPE" , 'GU' => "GUAM" , 'GT' => "GUATEMALA" , 'GN' => "GUINEA" , 'GW' => "GUINEA-BISSAU" , 'GY' => "GUYANA" , 'HT' => "HAITI" , 'HM' => "HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS" , 'VA' => "HOLY SEE (VATICAN CITY STATE)" , 'HN' => "HONDURAS" , 'HK' => "HONG KONG" , 'HU' => "HUNGARY" , 'IS' => "ICELAND" , 'IN' => "INDIA" , 'ID' => "INDONESIA" , 'IR' => "IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF" , 'IQ' => "IRAQ" , 'IE' => "IRELAND" , 'IL' => "ISRAEL" , 'IT' => "ITALY" , 'JM' => "JAMAICA" , 'JP' => "JAPAN" , 'JO' => "JORDAN" , 'KZ' => "KAZAKHSTAN" , 'KE' => "KENYA" , 'KI' => "KIRIBATI" , 'KP' => "KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF" , 'KR' => "KOREA, REPUBLIC OF" , 'KW' => "KUWAIT" , 'KG' => "KYRGYZSTAN" , 'LA' => "LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC" , 'LV' => "LATVIA" , 'LB' => "LEBANON" , 'LS' => "LESOTHO" , 'LR' => "LIBERIA" , 'LY' => "LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA" , 'LI' => "LIECHTENSTEIN" , 'LT' => "LITHUANIA" , 'LU' => "LUXEMBOURG" , 'MO' => "MACAO" , 'MK' => "MACEDONIA, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF" , 'MG' => "MADAGASCAR" , 'MW' => "MALAWI" , 'MY' => "MALAYSIA" , 'MV' => "MALDIVES" , 'ML' => "MALI" , 'MT' => "MALTA" , 'MH' => "MARSHALL ISLANDS" , 'MQ' => "MARTINIQUE" , 'MR' => "MAURITANIA" , 'MU' => "MAURITIUS" , 'YT' => "MAYOTTE" , 'MX' => "MEXICO" , 'FM' => "MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF" , 'MD' => "MOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OF" , 'MC' => "MONACO" , 'MN' => "MONGOLIA" , 'MS' => "MONTSERRAT" , 'MA' => "MOROCCO" , 'MZ' => "MOZAMBIQUE" , 'MM' => "MYANMAR" , 'NA' => "NAMIBIA" , 'NR' => "NAURU" , 'NP' => "NEPAL" , 'NL' => "NETHERLANDS" , 'AN' => "NETHERLANDS ANTILLES" , 'NC' => "NEW CALEDONIA" , 'NZ' => "NEW ZEALAND" , 'NI' => "NICARAGUA" , 'NE' => "NIGER" , 'NG' => "NIGERIA" , 'NU' => "NIUE" , 'NF' => "NORFOLK ISLAND" , 'MP' => "NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS" , 'NO' => "NORWAY" , 'OM' => "OMAN" , 'PK' => "PAKISTAN" , 'PW' => "PALAU" , 'PS' => "PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED" , 'PA' => "PANAMA" , 'PG' => "PAPUA NEW GUINEA" , 'PY' => "PARAGUAY" , 'PE' => "PERU" , 'PH' => "PHILIPPINES" , 'PN' => "PITCAIRN" , 'PL' => "POLAND" , 'PT' => "PORTUGAL" , 'PR' => "PUERTO RICO" , 'QA' => "QATAR" , 'RE' => "REUNION" , 'RO' => "ROMANIA" , 'RU' => "RUSSIAN FEDERATION" , 'RW' => "RWANDA" , 'SH' => "SAINT HELENA" , 'KN' => "SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS" , 'LC' => "SAINT LUCIA" , 'PM' => "SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON" , 'VC' => "SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES" , 'WS' => "SAMOA" , 'SM' => "SAN MARINO" , 'ST' => "SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE" , 'SA' => "SAUDI ARABIA" , 'SN' => "SENEGAL" , 'CS' => "SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO" , 'SC' => "SEYCHELLES" , 'SL' => "SIERRA LEONE" , 'SG' => "SINGAPORE" , 'SK' => "SLOVAKIA" , 'SI' => "SLOVENIA" , 'SB' => "SOLOMON ISLANDS" , 'SO' => "SOMALIA" , 'ZA' => "SOUTH AFRICA" , 'GS' => "SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS" , 'ES' => "SPAIN" , 'LK' => "SRI LANKA" , 'SD' => "SUDAN" , 'SR' => "SURINAME" , 'SJ' => "SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN" , 'SZ' => "SWAZILAND" , 'SE' => "SWEDEN" , 'CH' => "SWITZERLAND" , 'SY' => "SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC" , 'TW' => "TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA" , 'TJ' => "TAJIKISTAN" , 'TZ' => "TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF" , 'TH' => "THAILAND" , 'TL' => "TIMOR-LESTE" , 'TG' => "TOGO" , 'TK' => "TOKELAU" , 'TO' => "TONGA" , 'TT' => "TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO" , 'TN' => "TUNISIA" , 'TR' => "TURKEY" , 'TM' => "TURKMENISTAN" , 'TC' => "TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS" , 'TV' => "TUVALU" , 'UG' => "UGANDA" , 'UA' => "UKRAINE" , 'AE' => "UNITED ARAB EMIRATES" , 'GB' => "UNITED KINGDOM" , 'US' => "UNITED STATES" , 'UM' => "UNITED STATES MINOR OUTLYING ISLANDS" , 'UY' => "URUGUAY" , 'UZ' => "UZBEKISTAN" , 'VU' => "VANUATU" , 'VE' => "VENEZUELA" , 'VN' => "VIET NAM" , 'VG' => "VIRGIN ISLANDS, BRITISH" , 'VI' => "VIRGIN ISLANDS, U.S." , 'WF' => "WALLIS AND FUTUNA" , 'EH' => "WESTERN SAHARA" , 'YE' => "YEMEN" , 'ZM' => "ZAMBIA" , 'ZW' => "ZIMBABWE" , ); //Fin de los códigos de país ?> |
Y ahora una lista de idiomas:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 | <?php /** ISO 639-1 Códigos de idioma Referencia : 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes 2. http://blog.xoundboy.com/?p=235 */ $language_codes = array( 'en' => 'English' , 'aa' => 'Afar' , 'ab' => 'Abkhazian' , 'af' => 'Afrikaans' , 'am' => 'Amharic' , 'ar' => 'Arabic' , 'as' => 'Assamese' , 'ay' => 'Aymara' , 'az' => 'Azerbaijani' , 'ba' => 'Bashkir' , 'be' => 'Byelorussian' , 'bg' => 'Bulgarian' , 'bh' => 'Bihari' , 'bi' => 'Bislama' , 'bn' => 'Bengali/Bangla' , 'bo' => 'Tibetan' , 'br' => 'Breton' , 'ca' => 'Catalan' , 'co' => 'Corsican' , 'cs' => 'Czech' , 'cy' => 'Welsh' , 'da' => 'Danish' , 'de' => 'German' , 'dz' => 'Bhutani' , 'el' => 'Greek' , 'eo' => 'Esperanto' , 'es' => 'Spanish' , 'et' => 'Estonian' , 'eu' => 'Basque' , 'fa' => 'Persian' , 'fi' => 'Finnish' , 'fj' => 'Fiji' , 'fo' => 'Faeroese' , 'fr' => 'French' , 'fy' => 'Frisian' , 'ga' => 'Irish' , 'gd' => 'Scots/Gaelic' , 'gl' => 'Galician' , 'gn' => 'Guarani' , 'gu' => 'Gujarati' , 'ha' => 'Hausa' , 'hi' => 'Hindi' , 'hr' => 'Croatian' , 'hu' => 'Hungarian' , 'hy' => 'Armenian' , 'ia' => 'Interlingua' , 'ie' => 'Interlingue' , 'ik' => 'Inupiak' , 'in' => 'Indonesian' , 'is' => 'Icelandic' , 'it' => 'Italian' , 'iw' => 'Hebrew' , 'ja' => 'Japanese' , 'ji' => 'Yiddish' , 'jw' => 'Javanese' , 'ka' => 'Georgian' , 'kk' => 'Kazakh' , 'kl' => 'Greenlandic' , 'km' => 'Cambodian' , 'kn' => 'Kannada' , 'ko' => 'Korean' , 'ks' => 'Kashmiri' , 'ku' => 'Kurdish' , 'ky' => 'Kirghiz' , 'la' => 'Latin' , 'ln' => 'Lingala' , 'lo' => 'Laothian' , 'lt' => 'Lithuanian' , 'lv' => 'Latvian/Lettish' , 'mg' => 'Malagasy' , 'mi' => 'Maori' , 'mk' => 'Macedonian' , 'ml' => 'Malayalam' , 'mn' => 'Mongolian' , 'mo' => 'Moldavian' , 'mr' => 'Marathi' , 'ms' => 'Malay' , 'mt' => 'Maltese' , 'my' => 'Burmese' , 'na' => 'Nauru' , 'ne' => 'Nepali' , 'nl' => 'Dutch' , 'no' => 'Norwegian' , 'oc' => 'Occitan' , 'om' => '(Afan)/Oromoor/Oriya' , 'pa' => 'Punjabi' , 'pl' => 'Polish' , 'ps' => 'Pashto/Pushto' , 'pt' => 'Portuguese' , 'qu' => 'Quechua' , 'rm' => 'Rhaeto-Romance' , 'rn' => 'Kirundi' , 'ro' => 'Romanian' , 'ru' => 'Russian' , 'rw' => 'Kinyarwanda' , 'sa' => 'Sanskrit' , 'sd' => 'Sindhi' , 'sg' => 'Sangro' , 'sh' => 'Serbo-Croatian' , 'si' => 'Singhalese' , 'sk' => 'Slovak' , 'sl' => 'Slovenian' , 'sm' => 'Samoan' , 'sn' => 'Shona' , 'so' => 'Somali' , 'sq' => 'Albanian' , 'sr' => 'Serbian' , 'ss' => 'Siswati' , 'st' => 'Sesotho' , 'su' => 'Sundanese' , 'sv' => 'Swedish' , 'sw' => 'Swahili' , 'ta' => 'Tamil' , 'te' => 'Tegulu' , 'tg' => 'Tajik' , 'th' => 'Thai' , 'ti' => 'Tigrinya' , 'tk' => 'Turkmen' , 'tl' => 'Tagalog' , 'tn' => 'Setswana' , 'to' => 'Tonga' , 'tr' => 'Turkish' , 'ts' => 'Tsonga' , 'tt' => 'Tatar' , 'tw' => 'Twi' , 'uk' => 'Ukrainian' , 'ur' => 'Urdu' , 'uz' => 'Uzbek' , 'vi' => 'Vietnamese' , 'vo' => 'Volapuk' , 'wo' => 'Wolof' , 'xh' => 'Xhosa' , 'yo' => 'Yoruba' , 'zh' => 'Chinese' , 'zu' => 'Zulu' , ); ?> |
Ahora mezclamos la información de los países + idiomas + locales para representar toda la información:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 | <?php $locale_data = array(); // Obtiene los locales desde la línea de comando $locales = shell_exec('locale -a'); $locales = explode("\n" , $locales); foreach($locales as $c => $l) { if(strlen($l)) { $parts = explode('.' , $l); $lc = $parts[0]; /* Generamos el valor de la codificación si no existe */ if (!isset($parts[1])) $parts[1]=''; /* Si no tenemos dos partes A_B, nos saltamos esta locale */ if (strpos($lc,'_')===false) continue; /* Dividimos en dos la cadena obtenida */ list($lcode , $ccode) = explode('_' , $lc); $lcode = strtolower($lcode); /* Obtenemos el país y el idioma */ $language = $language_codes[$lcode]; $country = $country_codes[$ccode]; /* Juntamos toda la información */ if(strlen($language) and strlen($country)) { $locale_data[] = "$language - $country - {$parts[1]}"; } } } print_r($locale_data); ?> |
Salida:
$ php locales.php
Array
(
[0] => English – ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA –
[1] => English – ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA – utf8
[2] => English – AUSTRALIA – utf8
[3] => English – BOTSWANA – utf8
[4] => English – CANADA – utf8
[5] => English – DENMARK – utf8
[6] => English – UNITED KINGDOM – utf8
[7] => English – HONG KONG – utf8
[8] => English – IRELAND – utf8
[9] => English – INDIA –
[10] => English – INDIA – utf8
[11] => English – NIGERIA –
[12] => English – NIGERIA – utf8
[13] => English – NEW ZEALAND – utf8
[14] => English – PHILIPPINES – utf8
[15] => English – SINGAPORE – utf8
[16] => English – UNITED STATES – utf8
[17] => English – SOUTH AFRICA – utf8
[18] => English – ZAMBIA –
[19] => English – ZAMBIA – utf8
[20] => English – ZIMBABWE – utf8
[21] => Spanish – ARGENTINA – utf8
[22] => Spanish – BOLIVIA – utf8
[23] => Spanish – CHILE – utf8
[24] => Spanish – COLOMBIA – utf8
[25] => Spanish – COSTA RICA – utf8
[26] => Spanish – DOMINICAN REPUBLIC – utf8
[27] => Spanish – ECUADOR – utf8
[28] => Spanish – SPAIN –
[29] => Spanish – SPAIN – iso88591
[30] => Spanish – SPAIN – utf8
[31] => Spanish – GUATEMALA – utf8
[32] => Spanish – HONDURAS – utf8
[33] => Spanish – MEXICO – utf8
[34] => Spanish – NICARAGUA – utf8
[35] => Spanish – PANAMA – utf8
[36] => Spanish – PERU – utf8
[37] => Spanish – PUERTO RICO – utf8
[38] => Spanish – PARAGUAY – utf8
[39] => Spanish – EL SALVADOR – utf8
[40] => Spanish – UNITED STATES – utf8
[41] => Spanish – URUGUAY – utf8
[42] => Spanish – VENEZUELA – utf8
[43] => Chinese – CHINA – utf8
[44] => Chinese – SINGAPORE – utf8
)
Esta información podemos utilizarla para crear un desplegable donde la localización elegida pueda ser salvada. C y POSIX han sido omitidas.
Java
Podemos conseguir la lista con este pequeño programa:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.*; public class LocalesList { static public void main(String[] args) { Locale list[] = SimpleDateFormat.getAvailableLocales(); Set set = new TreeSet(); for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) { System.out.println(list[i].getDisplayName() +"\t\t\t:\t"+ list[i].toString()); } } } |
Fuents:
PHP get list of locales on system
List of all locales [Java]
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